DISTRIBUTIONS OF LIMIT CYCLES FOR POLYNOMIAL VECTOR FIELDS (P_2, Q_3)

The distributions of limit cycles of cubic vector fields (P2, Q3) are considered in this paper, where P2 and Q3 are polynomials of x and y of order two and three, respectively. It is possibly seven different distributions of limit cycles given in [1]. We now prove that in which three kinds of distributions are impossible and other four kinds all can be realized by concrete vector fields of (P2,Q3). Some related results are also given.     

非负矩阵与有向图的谱半径

本文给出非负矩阵的谱半径的上界、下界,由此给出有向图的谱半径的界.     

Lang maps and Harris’s conjecture

We show that any variety in characteristic 0 possesses a universal dominant rational map, which we callthe Lang map, to a variety of general type. We discuss a conjecture of J. Harris regarding the relation between rational points and Lang maps. Partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9503276.     

张 ■教授与我国的植物科学

张（１８８４—１９５０），植物学家和生物学教育家．中国近代植物学的先驱、现代实验性植物生理学和植物生态学的奠基人．最先自编我国第一套植物学、植物形态学、植物解剖学、种子植物分类学、植物生态学和植物生理学教科书．长期从事植物学科的教学和研究工作，为我国的生物科学和教育事业的建立和发展，贡献了自己的一切知识和力量．     

Chemical synthesis and electric properties of the conducting copolymer of aniline and o‐aminophenol

A copolymer, poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol), was prepared chemically by using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant. The monomer concentration ratio of o‐aminophenol to aniline strongly influences the copolymerization rate and properties of the copolymer. The optimum composition of a mixture for the chemical copolymerization consisted of 0.3 M aniline, 0.021 M o‐aminophenol, 0.42 M ammonium peroxydisulfate, and 2 M H₂SO₄. The result of cyclic voltammograms in a potential region of ?0.20 to 0.80 V (vs.SCE) indicates that the electrochemical activity of the copolymer prepared under the optimum condition is similar to that of polyaniline in more acid solutions. However, the copolymer still holds the good electrochemical activity until pH 11.0. Therefore, the pH dependence of the electrochemical property of the copolymer is improved, compared with poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) prepared electrochemically, and is much better than that of polyaniline. The spectra of IR and ¹H NMR confirm that o‐aminophenol units are included in the copolymer chain, which play a key role in extending the usable pH region of the copolymer. The visible spectra of the copolymers show that a high concentration ratio of o‐aminophenol to aniline in a mixture inhibits the chain growth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5573–5582, 2007     

世界港口管理体系剖析

全面展示了全球主要港口管理体系现状．通过对世界各国港口管理体制改革的研究，对改制后的几种港口管理模式进行了比较分析，并指出港口管理结构重组的主要任务是通过实施“解除管制”措施以及推动商业化、企业化和民营化进程来限制政府的干预范围，吸引私方资本．尤其对世界港口管理体制改革过程中存在的局限性进行了探索和分析，并提出了相应的解决对策、最后得出：港口体制改革机构在实施改革之前，应根据各国港口发展环境的具体情况，考虑采取一系列相应的有效配套措施，以便改制后的港口能更好地适应市场竞争和经济全球化需求．     

Normalization and Fermi–Coulomb and Coulomb hole sum rules for approximate wave functions

For approximate wave functions, we prove the theorem that there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between the constraints of normalization and of the Fermi–Coulomb and Coulomb hole charge sum rules at each electron position. This correspondence is surprising in light of the fact that normalization depends on the probability of finding an electron at some position. In contrast, the Fermi–Coulomb hole sum rule depends on the probability of two electrons staying apart because of correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb repulsion, while the Coulomb hole sum rule depends on Coulomb repulsion. We demonstrate the theorem for the ground state of the He atom by the use of two different approximate wave functions that are functionals rather than functions. The first of these wave function functionals is constructed to satisfy the constraint of normalization, and the second that of the Coulomb hole sum rule for each electron position. Each is then shown to satisfy the other corresponding sum rule. The significance of the theorem for the construction of approximate “exchange‐correlation” and “correlation” energy functionals of density functional theory is also discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

Sansalvamide A固相合成新方法

报道了Pd催化丁基二乙基硅烷树脂与N-Boc-4-溴代苯丙氨酸甲酯直接反应形成Si—Ar键一步构建出硅基连接分子的新方法, 并采用Boc策略增长肽链, 以PyBOP (benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluoro- phosphate)为环合剂固相合成了sansalvamide A.     

浙江中部夏熟作物田主要杂草生态相似性的数量分析

应用七级目测法对浙江中部地区27个夏熟作物田样点的杂草进行了优势等级调查，将所得数据转换成重要值，以杂草在27个样点中的重要值为运算指标，应用主成分分析法和图论聚类中的最小生成树法，对24种杂草的生态学相似性进行了比较，指出了长期使用单一的除草剂导致农田杂草种群迅速更迭的原因：杂草对除草剂的敏感性差异及不同杂草间的生态学特性的差异。